Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) medical test
Learn about Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) medical tests, including what the tests are used for, why a doctor may order a test, how a test will feel, and what the results may mean.
What is HIV test?
An HIV test shows whether you are infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). HIV is a virus that attacks and destroys cells in the immune system. These cells protect your body against disease-causing germs, such as bacteria and viruses.
What the HIV test used for?
To screen for and diagnose human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.
How is the procedure performed?
A blood sample collected from a vein or by pricking the tip of a finger (fingerstick) or saliva (oral fluid), which may be collected by swabbing your gums.
What will be the results interprets?
| Result | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| Negative | Do not have an HIV infection. |
| Positive | Diagnosed with HIV |
If you are screened too soon, the result may be negative despite the fact that you are infected (false negative). If an HIV test is negative but recent exposure is suspected, then an HIV RNA test or repeat testing with the HIV antigen/antibody blood test may be required. If you are at increased risk of HIV infection, it is important to have screening tests performed on a yearly basis to check for possible exposure to the virus.
A positive HIV test doesn’t mean you have AIDS, the most advanced stage of the disease. HIV treatment can keep you from getting AIDS, so talk to your doctor right away about starting medications called antiretroviral therapy (ART). These drugs lower the amount of the virus in your body, sometimes to a point where a test can’t spot it. They also protect your immune system so your HIV infection doesn’t become AIDS.